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The Arkansas courts refer to a prenuptial agreement as a “premarital agreement.” An antenuptial agreement, prenuptial agreement, and premarital agreement are synonymous. They all mean a legal contract drafted between two parties before getting married. A marital property agreement is only valid after the marriage takes place. The Arkansas premarital agreement statute and case law outline the rules and requirements for a valid agreement. The terms of an Arkansas premarital agreement may include alimony modifications, property division, retirement accounts, and more. On the other hand, a prenup in Arkansas cannot limit or contract around child support or child custody, or matters violating public policy.
What makes an Arkansas prenup enforceable?
For an Arkansas premarital agreement to be considered valid, you should consider the following
First comes love, then comes marriage, then comes… divorce?
In 2002, the Supreme Court of Arkansas presided over a pivotal case regarding premarital agreements in Arkansas. A husband and wife married in March 1996, just a few days after executing a prenuptial agreement. He filed for divorce less than a year later. However, in November of ’97, they decided they were still in love, so they would try to make it work. They couldn’t make it work, and they filed for divorced for the second time.
The wife asked the court to throw out the prenup in the divorce proceedings while the husband sought to enforce it. The wife claimed two points about why the prenup was invalid: (1) she did not receive full and fair disclosure of his finances, and (2) the prenup became invalid when the husband filed for divorce the first time.
The court disagreed with the wife on her first point (that she did not receive full and fair disclosure). The court reasoned that she waived her right for disclosure when she signed off on the prenup, which stated:
“I, [wife’s name], do hereby waive the requirement that both parties to the agreement provide to the other and be provided by the other a fair and reasonable disclosure of the property, value of the property, and financial obligations of the other party beyond any disclosure already provided.”
In Arkansas, you can legally waive your right to receive full and fair disclosure. In addition to this explicit waiver, she actually worked as a saleswoman at the husband’s company; therefore, she was generally aware of his business success.
As for the wife’s second point, that their reconciliation revoked the prenup, the court disagreed. Under Arkansas law, to rescind a prenup, there must be a written agreement signed by both parties. No such agreement existed in this case. The court enforced the prenup and thereby agreed with the husband.
What’s the lesson to be learned here? Firstly, if you waive your right to full disclosure of financial assets in Arkansas, you will be held to it. You can’t later ask to fully disclose if you waived your right in the prenup. Secondly, you can only terminate a prenup through another written agreement.
Banks v. Evans, 347 Ark. 383 (2002)
How to end a marriage in Arkansas
Only one party needs to begin the process of ending a marriage (but don’t get us wrong, it takes two to make it work!) If one party wants to end the marriage, it is within their sole right to do so, and the other non-participating party does not have to agree in order to begin the process. If a non-participating spouse does not partake in the proceedings, a default judgment will be entered and force the divorce to proceed.
There are two ways to end a marriage in Arkansas: annulment or divorce. You may also obtain a legal separation, but a legal separation does not technically end a marriage. Annulment, legal separation, and divorce all allow you to receive court orders deciding child custody, parenting time, child support, alimony, and more.
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Separate property in Arkansas
Official term for property not considered part of the marital estate
Separate property means property that does not get divided in the divorce. On the other hand, shared or marital property does get divided in divorce. In Arkansas, the property is separate if owned before the marriage or given during the marriage by gift or inheritance. Separate property can also include earnings on the separate property or things purchased with separate property (i.e., you buy a car with your inheritance). If this is not to your liking, you’ll need to specify it clearly in a legal document otherwise, such as a prenuptial or postnuptial agreement.
For more fine print on separate property, review Arkansas Code 9-12-315
Alimony in Arkansas
Official term for spousal support in Arkansas: Alimony
Spousal support, maintenance, and alimony all mean the same thing: financial support ordered by the court to be paid by one spouse to the other. In Arkansas, spousal support is referred to as alimony. If you don’t like the sound of alimony, you may include provisions in your prenup modifying or eliminating alimony.
An Arkansas may grant alimony depending on the circumstances of your case. The primary factor it will consider is the financial need of one spouse and the other’s ability to pay it. Other factors the court will consider include the financial circumstances of both spouses, the spouses’ standard of living, the value of jointly owned property, both spouses’ current and future income, each spouse’s earning capacity, each party’s health, and more.
>>For more fine print on alimony, read Arkansas Code 9-12-312
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